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Facts about Croatia.
The lands
that today comprise Croatia were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until
the close of World War I. In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a
kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia. Following World War II, Yugoslavia
became a federal independent Communist state under the strong hand of
Marshal TITO. Although Croatia declared its independence from Yugoslavia in
1991, it took four years of sporadic, but often bitter, fighting before
occupying Serb armies were mostly cleared from Croatian lands. Under UN
supervision, the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to
Croatia in 1998.
Facts about the Nation Croatia,
(from the
CIA
The World factbook - per ca. 2004) :
| |
Croatia |
Denmark |
| Area |
56,542 sq km
5,835 km (mainland 1,777 km, islands 4,058
km) |
43,094 sq km
Coastline: 7,314 km
|
|
Terrain |
geographically diverse;
flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near
Adriatic coastline and islands
highest point
Dinara 1,830 m |
low and flat to gently rolling plains, 174
m |
| Population |
4,496,869 (July 2004 est.)
0-14 years: 16.6% (male 383,729;
female 364,287)
15-64 years: 67% (male 1,497,525; female 1,515,956)
65 years and over: 16.4% (male 277,616; female 457,756)
Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, Bosniak 0.5%,
Hungarian 0.4%, Slovene 0.3%, Czech 0.2%, Roma 0.2%, Albanian 0.1%,
Montenegrin 0.1%, others 4.1% (2001) |
5,413,392 (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
18.9% (male 523,888; female 497,420)
15-64 years: 66.2% (male 1,808,376; female 1,774,388)
65 years and over: 15% (male 344,113; female 465,207)
|
|
Languages |
Croatian 96%, other 4% (including
Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German) |
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German
(small minority)
|
|
Religions |
Roman Catholic 87.8%,
Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, others and unknown 6.2%
(2001) |
Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman
Catholic 3%, Muslim 2% |
|
National holiday |
Statehood Day, 25 June
(1991) |
none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally
viewed as the National Day |
|
Legal system |
based on civil law system |
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
| Currency |
|
1 Danish Krone (DKK) = USD
0,17 |
|
Natural resources |
oil, some coal, bauxite,
low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica,
clays, salt, hydropower |
petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk,
stone, gravel and sand |
| Land use |
arable land: 26.09%
permanent crops: 2.27%
other: 71.65% (2001) |
|
|
Economy - overview |
Before the dissolution of
Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most
prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps
one-third above the Yugoslav average. The economy emerged from a mild
recession in 2000 with tourism, banking, and public investments leading
the way. Unemployment remains high, at over 13 percent, with structural
factors slowing its decline. While macroeconomic stabilization has
largely been achieved, structural reforms lag because of deep resistance
on the part of the public and lack of strong support from politicians.
Growth, while impressively over 4% for the last several years, has been
achieved through high fiscal and current account deficits. The
government is gradually reducing a heavy back log of civil cases, many
involving land tenure. The EU accession process should accelerate fiscal
and structural reform. |
This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech
agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive
government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable
currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net
exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments
surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and
further privatization of state assets. The government has been
successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence
criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European
currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark
has decided not to join 12 other EU members in the euro; even so, the
Danish Krone remains pegged to the euro. |
|
GDP - per capita |
$10,600 (2003 est.) |
purchasing power parity - $31,100 (2003 est.) |
|
GDP - composi-tion by sector |
agriculture: 7.9%
industry: 30%
services: 62.1% (2003 est.) |
agriculture:
2%
industry: 22.1%
services: 75.9% (2003 est.) |
|
Labor force - by occupation |
agriculture 13.2%, industry
25.4%, services 46.4% (2002) |
agriculture 4%, industry 17%, services 79% (2002 est.)
|
|
Exports - partners |
Italy 26.1%, Bosnia and
Herzegovina 14.6%, Germany 12%, Slovenia 8.3%, Austria 7.9% (2003) |
Germany 18.7%, Sweden 12.6%, UK 8.5%, US 6.2%, Norway
5.7%, France 5.1%, Netherlands 4.7% (2003) |
|
Imports - partners |
Italy 17.9%, Germany 15.7%,
Slovenia 7.4%, Austria 6.6%, France 5.3%, Russia 4.7% (2003) |
Germany 23.1%, Sweden 13%, UK 7%, Netherlands 6.9%,
France 4.9%, Norway 4.5%, Italy 4.1% (2003) |
| |
|
|
| |
GDP =
Gross Domestic Product = bruttonationalproduktet, |
i 2003 var DK nr. 8 i verden. Målt per indbygger. |
| |
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|
 |
 |
| Øvre bydel = Gornji grad
med Skt Stefan katedralen og den lille Skt Maria kirke |
Der er mange sporvogne i
byen, nogle "gamle", andre ganske nye og særdeles funktionelle. |

Jugoslavien under 2 Verdenskrig:
 | Jugoslavien
(sammen med Polen) var Europas mest krigshærgede land. |
 | 10% af
Jugoslaviens daværende befolkning på 17 mill, altså 1,7 mill., var
omkommet. |
 | Det var 34%
af de allieredes samlede tab. |
 | Mange var
myrdet af de stridende fraktioner mellem Kroatiens Ustasja, Serbiens
Cetnikker, og Titos partisaner - og ikke udelukkende af
besættelsesmagterne Italien og Tyskland. |
 | 10 % af
befolkningen havde været i lokale koncentrationslejre eller var blevet
tvangsforflyttet. |
 | 200.000 børn
var forældreløse. |
 | Hvert eneste
bjergværk var ødelagt, |
 | 60% af
landbruget og industrien var gået tabt, |
 | Broer, veje,
jernbaner var sprængt i luften |
Jugoslavien, da opløsningen brød ud i
begyndelsen af 1990,
 | ustabil
økonomi, men en årlig inflation på 1000% |
 |
nationalismen får fuld næring - og gamle stridigheder fra de seneste
århundrede kommer frem, |
 | indbyggere i
1990 : ca. 23 mill |
Paradoksernes land:
Jugoslavien
var da 1 land,
I
Jugoslavien bruges 2 alfabeter: det latinske i vest; det kyrilliske i øst,
og begge i midten,
Der er 3
hovedreligioner: Den ortodokse i øst, den romersk-katolske i vest, og
islam primært i Bosnien-Hercegovina,
Der er 4
sprog: Slovensk i nord, Makedonisk i syd, kroatisk i vest, og serbisk i
midten, dog er krotisk og serbisk tæt på at være et sprog,
Der er 5
nationalstater : Slovenien, Kroatien, Serbien, Montenegro, Makedonien; men
hertil kommer Bosnien-Hercegovina, der primært er muslimsk, men taler
Serbokroatisk, samt mange nationale mindretal: albanere, ungarere,
rumænere, tyrkere, bulgarere, italienere, sigøjnere, tjekker, slovakker,
Der er 6
republikker: Slovenien (2 mill.), Kroatien (5 mill.), Bosnien-Hercegovina
(4 mill.), Serbien (10 mill.), Montenegro (0,7 mill), Makedonien (2 mill.)
Jugoslavien
har 7 naboer (det største antal i Europa) : Østrig, Ungarn, Rumænien,
Bulgarien, Grækenland, Albanien, Italien.
Der var 8
nationalbanker med selvstændige økonomier, og 8 lokale regeringer (fra
hver republik og fra 2 autonome provinser),
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